Developed during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev, the Il-86 was marked by the economic and technological stagnation of the era: it used engines more typical of the late 1960s, spent a decade in development, and failed to enter service in time for the Moscow Olympics, as was originally intended. The type was used by Aeroflot and successor post-Soviet airlines; only three of the total 106 constructed were exported.
At the beginning of 2012, of the 106 made, only four Il-86s remained in service, all with the Russian Air Force. By the end of 2020 the number in active service was reduced to three.
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